Which of the following is classified as an intentional tort?

Battery is classified as an intentional tort because it involves the intentional infliction of harmful or offensive contact on another person without their consent. In legal terms, an intentional tort requires that the perpetrator acts with the intention to cause the contact or with knowledge that such contact is substantially certain to occur. This differentiates it from negligence, which involves a failure to act with reasonable care, leading to unintentional harm, rather than a deliberate act.

In the case of battery, the key element is the volitional act that leads to contact, which makes it a clear example of an intentional tort. This concept is important in understanding how the law views the responsibility and consequences of one's deliberate actions, as opposed to actions that result from carelessness or oversight.