Which of the following are signs of hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia, commonly known as low blood sugar, presents with a range of physiological and psychological symptoms. The signs of hypoglycemia are often related to the body's response to decreased glucose levels, which is essential for energy, particularly for the brain. Symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, irritability, and weakness are classic indicators. These manifestations arise as the body attempts to compensate for low blood glucose levels, leading to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn causes sweating and tremors. Furthermore, the brain, which relies heavily on glucose, can exhibit confusion and irritability when deprived of its primary energy source.

In contrast, other options describe symptoms that do not directly relate to low blood sugar levels. Weight gain and fatigue can be indicative of various other metabolic conditions, while vomiting and diarrhea are signs often associated with gastrointestinal issues rather than hypoglycemia. Shortness of breath and chest pain are symptoms that might indicate cardiac problems or respiratory distress, neither of which are linked to hypoglycemia. Therefore, the presence of sweating, tremors, confusion, irritability, and weakness distinctly represent the physiological and psychological impact of hypoglycemia.